Southern Galaxy Catalogue (Corwin, H. G., de Vaucouleurs, A., and de Vaucouleurs, G.) Documentation for the Computer-Readable Version Harold Corwin, Jr., and Nancy G. Roman Doc. No. NSSDC/WDC-A-R&S 92-12 March 1993 National Space Science Data Center (NSSDC)/ World Data Center A for Rockets and Satellites (WDC-A-R&S) National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland 20771 Abstract The "Southern Galaxy Catalogue" provides a finding list of galaxies larger than about 1.5 to 2 arc minutes, south of declination -17 degrees. It includes, as far as possible, precise positions, morphological types, luminosity classifications, and diameters. It is essentially complete for log D>1.52. 1 - Introduction and Source Reference 1.1 - Introduction The "Southern Galaxy Catalogue" (SGC) is intended to provide a finding list of galaxies larger than about 1.5 to 2 arc minutes, south of declination -17 degrees. It also provides, as far as possible, 1) precise positions, 2) morphological types in the revised Hubble system (de Vaucouleurs 1959, 1963; de Vaucouleurs, de Vaucouleurs, & Corwin, 1976, hereafter RC2), 3) luminosity classifications in the DDO system (van den Bergh 1960a,b, 1966), and 4) diameters and axis ratios. The catalogue is essentially complete for log D>1.52 (D> 3.03'), and the 50% completeness level is at log D = 1.42 (D = 2.06'). Only a few objects smaller than one arc minute are included. Since the catalogue diameters refer to an isophote of about 27.5 blue magnitudes per square arc second (B-mss), the equivalent 50% completeness level at the 25.0 B-mss isophote is D25 about 1.05'. The two largest galaxies, the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds, are not included. The notes to the catalogue contain information on the appearance of the galaxy and on the surrounding field. Ring diameters were measured in all galaxies where the rings could be seen clearly. The diameters of lenses were also measured in many lenticulars. The ring diameters refer, as usual, to the ridge line of the brightness distribution, not to the outer edges of the ring structures. Distances between components of the interacting galaxies are usually given, as are distances to noteworthy companion galaxies and, sometimes, to superposed or nearby stars. (Unless noted otherwise, all mea- surements in the notes are in arc minutes.) 1.2 - Source Reference "Southern Galaxy Catalogue" Corwin, Jr., H. G., de Vaucouleurs, A., and de Vaucouleurs, G. 1985, The University of Texas Monographs in Astronomy No.4, The Department of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin. 2 - Structure 2.1 - File Structure The machine version of the "Southern Galaxy Catalogue" consists of two files. Table 1 gives their machine-independent attributes. The information contained in this table is sufficient to describe the indigenous characteristics of the machine-readable version of the Southern Galaxy Catalogue to a computer. A copy of this document should accompany any additional transmission of these files. Southern Galaxy Catalogue File Contents Record Logical Record Total Number of Format Length Logical Records 1 Catalogue Fixed Block 126 5472 2 Notes Fixed Block 80 8172 Table 1: Summary Description of Catalogue Files 2.2 File Format Table 2 gives a byte-by-byte description of the contents of the data file. Bytes Unit Format Item 1 - 2 hour I2 RA(1950) 4 - 5 min I2 RA(1950) 7 - 8 sec I2 RA(1950) 10 - 12 deg I3 Dec(1950) 14 - 17 ' F4.1 Dec(1950) 19 - 20 hour I2 RA(2000) 22 - 23 min I2 RA(2000) 25 - 26 sec I2 RA(2000) 28 - 30 deg I3 Dec(2000) 32 - 35 ' F4.1 Dec(2000) 37 - 42 deg F6.2 Galatic Longitude 44 - 49 deg F6.2 Galatic Latitude 51 - 63 A13 RC2 name 65 - 74 A10 Field-EU 76 - 82 A7 Morphological type 84 - 87 F4.1 Weighted mean numerical type, T 89 I1 No. estimates of T 91 - 94 F4.2 Total internal weight of T, w(T) 95 - 98 F4.1 Weighted mean luminosity class, L 100 I1 No. estimates of L 102-104 F3.1 Total internal weight of L 106-109 F4.2 Log(D) 111-114 F4.2 Total internal weight of log(D) 116-119 F4.2 Mean log(R) = log(D/d) (axis ratio) 121-124 F4.2 Weight if R 126 I1 No. independent estimates of R Table 2: Format 3 - Additional Information 3.1 - Abbreviations Used in the Format Table 1) T, n(T), and w(T) - Weighted mean numerical type T (the stage along the revised Hubble sequence on the RC3 scale), the number of type estimates for the galaxy, and the sum of the internal weights for the type. If the Hubble stage is marked uncertain, that estimate was assigned a weight of 0.5; if marked questionable, a weight of 0.25 was assigned. No T is given if no Hubble stage was estimated (e.g., "S pec" or "Pec") or if the galaxy was classified as an I0, i.e. a non-magellanic irregular (also called "Irr II" by Holmberg [1958, Medd. Lunds Astron. Obs. II, No. 136] or "amorphous" by Sandage and Brucato 1979 [AJ 84, 472]). 2) L, n(L), and w(L) - Weighted mean numerical luminosity class L, the number of L estimates, and the sum of the internal weights for the luminosity class. Weights are assigned in the same manner as for the types. 3) log D - Weighted mean logarithm of the outer diameter D along the major axis (in units of 0.1 arcmin as in RC3), after reduction to a constant epoch via the equation log D = log Do + 0.5(gamma - 0.65)^2 where gamma is the normalized fraction of time elapsed between the beginning of the survey (June 1976) and its end (May 1982). The diameter and axis ratio are enclosed in parentheses if the measurement refers to more than one galaxy. 4) log R - Weighted mean logarithm of the axis ratio R = D/d, where d is the diameter along the minor axis. No correction was made to the axis ratios as there is no statistically significant evidence for a time-dependent term similar to that in the diameters. 5) w(D), w(R), and n(D,R) - The sum of the internal weights for the diameter and the axis ratio. These weights were assigned as for the types, except that the standard uncertainty symbols were occasionally doubled for very doubtful measurements (near bright stars, near the plate edge, etc.). Thus, the lowest possible diameter (or axis ratio) weight is 0.13 (w = 1/8). If either the major or minor axis was marked uncertain or questionable, the axis ratio was assigned lower weight. Otherwise, the weights for the axis ratios were the same as for the diameters. n(D,R) is the number of independent diameter and axis ratio measurements made on different plates. 3.2 - Abbreviations Used in the Notes A "Anonymous" galaxy listed in RC2 (q.v.) abs absorption alt alternate asym asymmetric B bright (The relative brightness scale used in the Notes and Remarks is as follows: eB, vB, B, pB, pF, F, vF, eF.) bckgnd background beg or begin beginning bet between brd broad brder broader brtr brighter brtst brightest c considerably or considerable cD brightest galaxy in a cluster with a faint, extended corona; notation after Matthews, Morgan, and Schmidt (1964) calib calibration cent center or central cl cluster com compact comp companion or component (of a multiple system) compl complete condens condensation contin continuous coord coordinates corr corrected or correction D distant or double (clear in context) dbl or dble double DDO low surface brightness galaxy listed by van den Bergh (1959, 1966) Dec or dec declination def defined deg degree desc description dif or diff diffuse or diffraction (clear in context) difrac diffraction dim dimensions (diameter) dist distorted or disturbed distrib distribution dk dark dw dwarf E extended or elliptical (clear in context) e extremely eccen eccentric elong elongated ell elliptical env envelope err error esp especially EU or ESO/Upps "ESO/Uppsala Survey of the ESO (B) Atlas" (Lauberts 1982) ext extension F faint f following (as in nf = north-following) fid fiducial filam filamentary fltnd flattened fntr fainter fntst faintest frgnd foreground frshrtnd foreshortened gal galaxy or galaxies galc galactic glob globular grp group Haro galaxy listed by Haro (1956) hexag hexagonal hsb high surface brightness IC or I galaxy listed in one of the "Index Catalogues" (see IC1 and IC2) IC1 "Index Catalogue of Nebulae" (Dreyer 1895) IC2 "Second Index Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars" (Dreyer 1910) ident identification or identity inc included inc or incl inclined or included (clear in context) incomp incomplete int interacting inv involved or involving interact interaction irr or irreg irregular knty knotty (refers to HII regions or unresolved stellar associations) L large (The relative size scale used in the Notes and Remarks is as follows: eL, vL, L, pL, pS, S, vS, eS.) LMC Large Magellanic Cloud ln lane lrgst largest lsb low surface brightness lum luminosity M Messier m much or minutes (clear in context) magel magellanic maj major MCG "Morphological Catalogue of Galaxies" (Vorontsov-Velyaminov and Arkipova 1968, 1974) mid middle min minor or minute (clear in context) misident misidentified mult multiple N galaxy listed in the NGC (q.v.); or nucleus or nuclear (clear in context) n north nar narrow neb nebula or nebulous NGC "New General Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars" (Dreyer 1890) nr near nucl nuclear obj object obsc obscured opt optical out outer OX overexposed OXN overexposed in the center P pair P(a) optical pair P(b) interacting pair P(c) colliding pair p preceding (as in spp = south-preceding-preceding) or pretty (as in pB, pF, etc.; clear in context) Pal "Palomar" - globular cluster listed by Abell (1955) parall parallel part partially pat patch, patches, or patchy (refers to star clouds, e.g. NGC 206 in the Andromeda Galaxy; or to dust patches) pec peculiar perpen or perpend perpendicular pl or plt plate pos position poss possible or possibly prec preceding prob probable or probably PSS Palomar Sky Survey quad quadruple quint quintuple (r) inner ring (r') pseudo inner ring (R) outer ring (R') pseudo outer ring RA right ascension RC1 "Reference Catalogue of Bright Galaxies" (de Vaucouleurs and de Vaucouleurs 1964) RC2 "Second Reference Catalogue" (de Vaucouleurs, de Vaucouleurs, and Corwin 1976) rectang rectangular reflec reflection reg region or regular (clear in context) rej rejected res resolved or resolution RNGC "Revised New General Catalogue of Nonstellar Astronomical Objects" (Sulentic and Tifft 1973) S small or spiral (clear in context) s south (as in ssf = south-south-following) SAO star listed in the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory catalogue. sb surface brightness (usually lsb or hsb) sev several sim similar SMC Small Magellanic Cloud smo smooth spir spiral strg strong Stromlo 13 Mem. Commonwealth Obs. No. 13 (de Vaucouleurs 1956) struc or struct structure sts stars sup superposed sys system tri triple or triplet underexp underexposed unif uniform v very w with * star or stars ** double star 3.3 - Remarks Field Notes F028 SMC in north-following part of this field F029 SMC in this field F032 LMC in north-following corner of this field F033 LMC in north part of this field F051 SMC in south part of this field F055 LMC in following part of this field F084 edge of LMC in southeast corner of this field F085 LMC in south and south-following part of this field F086 LMC in south-preceding part of this field F100 stars superposed on all galaxies in this field F117 Most galaxies in this field are in a cloud. F119 Many galaxies in this field are in a cloud behind the outskirts of the LMC. F120 outskirts of LMC in this field F124 I2220 (a large diffuse nebula) is in this field. F126 Most galaxies in this field are in a cloud. F137 stars superposed on all galaxies in this field F138 stars superposed on all galaxies in this field F139 Most galaxies in this field have stars superposed. F156 Many galaxies in this field are in a supercluster. F157 Many galaxies in this field are in a supercluster. F184 Most galaxies in this field are in a cloud with N6753. F185 Very rich field. Many groups, clouds, and clusters. F186 rich field F214 stars superposed on all galaxies in this field F215 stars superposed on all galaxies in this field F216 stars superposed on all galaxies in this field F217 stars superposed on all galaxies (most are in a cloud) in this field F222 stars superposed on all galaxies in this field F230 stars superposed on all galaxies in this field F263 Most galaxies in this field are in a cloud. F284 "Blank" region at 20h 11.6m -45 30 noted in ESO/Uppsala survey (EU284-?34) has many F galaxies and one or two very distant clusters Intergalactic obscuration therefore unlikely. F322 Most of the galaxies here are in the two Centaurus Clusters. F358 Fornax Cluster field A few NGC identifications here are new, based on J Schmidt's observations reported in A.N. 88, 138, 1876 The survey is to a slightly deeper limit in this field to pick up some of the Fornax Cluster dwarves A few of the brighter ellipticals and lenticulars appear to have "knots" superposed on their lens and coronae; these may be globular clusters, but as the field is rich in distant galaxies and clusters, they are more likely to be background galaxies. F371 Stars superposed on all galaxies in this field. Most galaxies here are in the N2663 group. F374 Most galaxies in this field are in a cloud. F387 large (3.5 degrees across) faint diffuse nebula in this field F428 Most galaxies in this field are the brightest of a cloud Stars are superposed on all galaxies here. F432 All galaxies in this field are obscured and have stars superposed. F490 Most galaxies in this field are in a cloud. F510 Most galaxies in this field are in a cloud. F535 rich in distant galaxies and clusters F556 Stars are superposed on most of the galaxies in this field. F576 Most galaxies in this field are in a cloud. F580 Most galaxies in this field are in a cloud. Plate,Field Notes J0041,F288 Slightly trailed, slightly underexposed. The field was resurveyed on J1633. J0367,F432 Underexposed plate. Field resurveyed, J4901. J0563,F325 Slightly out of focus J0620,F386 A poorer than usual plate. Field resurveyed, J2989. J0625,F459 Slightly out of focus J0718,F527 Plate slightly trailed. J0817,F532 Double images. Field resurveyed, J3420 J0928,F078 A large plate defect obscures N7733 and N7734; it was impossible to measure their diameters on this plate. Field resurveyed, J3750. J0929,F079 Fuzzy images Field resurveyed, J1864. J1004,F080 Plate centered at 0129 5-6525. Nominal center 0128-65. Field resurveyed, J1748. J1050,F357 About 1/3 of this plate is obscured by a large, dark defect In addition, the images are quite poor. Field resurveyed, J2770. J1127,F155 Poor images on this plate. Field resurveyed, J1826. J1150,F057 Trailed plate. Field resurveyed, J1953. J1163,F058 Slightly trailed plate. J1164,F059 Fuzzy images. Field resurveyed, J2009. J1313,F270 Background uneven (film only?): processing fault? J1436,F434 Exposure only ten minutes. No diameters measured on this plate. Field resurveyed, J4740. J1477,F322 Very good images, but slightly underexposed? J1569,F220 thinner plate (film only?) than normal J1585,F141 This plate is underexposed, taken in bad seeing, and was misguided. Its proper grade is "D," not "A" as given on the observing card. Field resurveyed, J1580. J1591,F186 thinner plate (film only?) than J2410, F185 J1681,F351 underexposed (film only?) J1761,F244 not as deep as J3492, F243, but better images J1809,F195 slightly thinner plate (film only?) than J1861, F194 J2009,F059 "B" grade plate with "A" grade images and splotches J2053,F089 thin plate, hazy J2194,F217 thinner plate (film only?) than J2847, F216 J2553,F025 slightly trailed plate J2668,F302 Images are a bit fuzzy for an "A" grade plate. J2847,F216 poorer images than J2270, F215 J2945,F006 "C" grade plate with "B" grade images and a few faint light streaks J2989,F386 slightly fuzzy images (film only?) J3648,F001 Slightly trailed. Field resurveyed, J3665. J3797,F489 fuzzy images (film only?) J3814,F483 fuzzy images J3854,F160 thinner plate (film only?) than J2613, F159 J3880,F162 slightly fuzzy images J4309,F581 slightly trailed (film only?) J4433,F072 Slightly underexposed? J4469,F533 very slightly trailed and somewhat underexposed J4493,F543 slightly underexposed (film only?) J4496,F540 slightly trailed J5018,F376 plate slightly trailed J5079,F573 thinner plate (film only?) than J5733, F572 J5235,F284 plate slightly trailed J5480,F485 poorer images than J5463, F484 J5552,F490 slightly fuzzy images (film only?) J5653,F499 slightly fuzzy images 4 - Acknowledgments We thank Dr. Corwin for forwarding to us a machine-readable version of the catalog and the notes, abbreviations, and remarks. 5 - References Abell, G. O. 1955, PASP, 67, 258 van den Bergh, S. 1960a, ApJ, 131, 215 van den Bergh, S. 1960b, ApJ, 131, 558 van den Bergh, S. 1966, AJ, 71, 922 Corwin, H. G., de Vaucouleurs, A., and de Vaucouleurs, G. 1985, The University of Texas Monographs in Astronomy No. 4, The Department of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin Dreyer, J. L. E. 1888, MmRAS, 49, 1 Dreyer, J. L. E. 1895, MmRAS, 51, 185 Dreyer, J. L. E. 1910, MmRAS, 59, 105 Haro, G. 1956, Bol. Obs. Tonantzintla y Tacubaya No. 14, 8 Lauberts, A. 1982, The ESO Uppsala Survey of the ESO (B) Atlas, ESO, Garching Matthews, T. A., Morgan, W. W., & Schmidt, M. 1964, ApJ, 140, 35 Sulentic, J. W. & Tifft, W. G. 1973, The Revised New General Catalogue of Nonstellar Astronomical Objects, U. Arizona Press, Tucson de Vaucouleurs, G. 1956, Mem. Commonwealth Obs. No. 13 (Vol. III, No. 3) de Vaucouleurs, G. 1959, Handbook der Physik 53, 275, Springer-Verlag, Berlin de Vaucouleurs, G. 1963, ApJS, 8, 31 (No. 74) de Vaucouleurs, G. & de Vaucouleurs, A. 1964, Reference Catalogue of Bright Galaxies, U. Texas Press, Austin de Vaucouleurs, G., de Vaucouleurs, A., & Corwin, H. G. 1976, Second Reference Catalogue of Bright Galaxies, U. Texas Press, Austin Vorontsov-Velyaminov, B. A. & Arkipova, V. P. 1968, Morphological Catalogue of Galaxies, Vol. IV, Moscow State U. Vorontsov-Velyaminov, B. A. & Arkipova, V. P. 1974, Morphological Catalogue of Galaxies, Vol. V, Moscow State U.